Several years after the Arab Spring began, democracy remains elusive in the Middle East. The Arab Spring that resides in the popular imagination is one in which a wave of mass mobilization swept the broader Middle East, toppled dictators, and cleared the way for democracy. The reality is that few Arab countries have experienced anything of the sort.  Dr. Tarek Masoud, Sultan of Oman Associate Professor of International Relations at Harvard University, explored why regime change took place in only four Arab countries and why democratic change has proved so elusive in the countries that made attempts.